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To
Pagans, every day is a holy day. Perhaps the best known Holy
Days celebrated by many Pagans - including Wiccans and modern Druids -
are: Samhain, Giuli (Yule), Imbolg (also known as Candlemas), Spring Equinox
(also known as Eostre), Beltane, Litha (Midsummer), and the Autumn Equinox
(also known as Mabon).
- Samhain -- Irish Gaelic for "summer's end." The standard Irish pronunciation
is either "SOW-in" with the "ow" like in "cow", or "SAH-win". Other
pronunciations that follow with the many Gaelic dialects include "sow-een"
"shahvin" "sowin" (with "ow" like in "glow"). The Scots Gaelic spelling
is "Samhuin" or "Samhuinn." There is no linguistic foundation for saying
this word "samhane" the way it might look if it were English. (To be
really untechnical about it, the "mh" is a little linguistic gadget
that tells you not to pronounce the "m" like, well, an "m".) When in
doubt, just say "Hallows" or even "Hallowe'en."
- Yule -- Norse for "wheel." It's pretty much pronounced just like it
looks, although if you want to make a stab at a Scandinavian sound,
it'll be more like "yool" and less like "yewl." This is the winter solstice.
- Imbolg/Imbolc -- Irish Gaelic for "in the belly." Pronounce this one
"IM-bullug" or "IM-bulk" with a guttural "k" on the end. Other names
include Candlemas; Brighid (pronounced "breed"), who is the Irish goddess
whose festival this is; and Oimelc (pronounced EE-mulk), which means
"ewe's milk" in Scots Gaelic.
- Ostara/Eostre -- Saxon name for a maiden goddess of spring, loosely
connected to Astarte and Ishtar. The word "Easter," though familiar
to us from the Christian holiday, is actually taken from the name of
the Anglo-Saxon Heathen Goddess Eostre. This one's easy -- "o-STAHR-uh."
Other names include Eostre (say "OHS-truh" or "EST-truh"). This is the
spring equinox.
- Beltane/Bealtaine -- Irish Gaelic for either "fires of Bel" or "bright
fires." If you want to try it in Gaelic, you can say "bee-YAWL-tinnuh"
or "BELL-tinnuh." Unlike Samhain, this word can within the linguistic
structure of its language of origin be pronounced like it looks -- "BELL-tane"
-- without totally abandoning its original construction. Other names
are Walpurgisnacht (vahl-PUR-gis-nahkt) and May Day.
- Litha -- Norse or Anglo-Saxon for "longest day." You can say this
one just like it looks, or you can try for a Scandinavian sound and
say "leetha" with the "th" more like a "t." This is the summer solstice.
Lughnasadh/Lunasa or Lammas (1 Aug) -- The first is Irish Gaelic for
"festival of Lugh" (a major Irish deity); the second is Anglo-Saxon
for "festival of the loaves" ("hlaf-mass"). Don't panic at that spelling
(it's that pesky "h" acting as a signal instead of a letter again);
the second (which is modern Irish as opposed to old Irish) tells you
all you need to know. Say "LOO-nah-sah." (Some people maintain that
the Scots dialect says it "LOO-nah-soo.") Lammas is just like it looks,
"LAH-mus."
- Mabon -- This is believed to be a form of the Welsh word for "son."
Therefore, it would probably be pronounced "MA-bon" with the "a" like
in "mass." However, most Wiccans and pagans say "MAY-bon." This is the
autumn equinox.
Some
Pagan systems and religions - Most American Pagans practice a blend of
different traditions, the most popular of which are Celtic, Greco-Roman,
Native American, ancient Egyptian, and Norse.
- Asatru: Norse Pagan religion celebrating the principles of courage,
truth, honor, fidelity, discipline, hospitality, industriousness, self-reliance,
and perseverance.
- Church of All Worlds: Promotes celebration and honoring of all life
and the planet as a living, divine organism: Gaea. Combination of worldwide
Goddess traditions.
- Discordianism: Honors the Chaos principle and the humor of chance.
- Druidism: Many varieties of Druidism are practiced, with varying emphasis
on scholarly research into the original Druids, who were the priest/ess
and judicial class of the ancient Celts.
- Egyptian: Draws on the four thousand years of complex spiritual and
magical systems of pharaonic Egypt.
- Kabbalah: Jewish mystical and magical system developed since the Middle
Ages. The most influential magical system in the development of the
Western magical tradition.
- Magic (sometimes spelled "magick"): Most Pagan religions practice
some form of magic, which can be defined as getting results through
the application of will. Magic falls into two very general categories;
"practical" or "folk" magic pertains to everyday life and is performed
with common implements like stones or candles, while "high" or "ceremonial"
magic often requires rigorous training, utilizes ancient languages,
and concerns the mystical development of the self to its greatest potential.
- Shamanism: Practiced by Native peoples worldwide. Shamanic techniques
such as drumming are used in many different Pagan systems. In traditional
societies, shamans travel to the spirit realm to gain information pertaining
to the community's needs, such as healing or spiritual growth.
- Witchcraft: Also known as Wicca or simply the Craft. Honoring of Goddess
and God (some traditions honor the Goddess alone), use of magic, and
healing, all within the context of "If it harm none, do what you will."
Pagan Witchcraft has nothing to do with and is antithetical to Satanism.
Because
Paganism stresses the importance of individuality, there are few, if any,
widespread customs - there are no dietary requirements, or any prohibitions
within the Pagan philosophy. Those who follow a vegan/vegetarian
diet, or who abstain from alcohol, tobacco, etc., do so out of choice,
not tenets of faith.
There are no penances, or any other form of religious punishments, there
are no laws of blasphemy and conflict between individuals remains the
responsiblity and concern of those who are involved. There
is no "confession" or other absolution to devolve responsibility to another
person, or to God/dess. Paganism does not legislate where
matters of morality and ethics are concerned - it is up to each individual
to be responsible for their own viewpoints and decisions.
Paganism is a spiritual way of life which perceives the universe, both
seen and unseen, as a sacred place. While there is no written
sacred text central to Paganism, there is nevertheless a strong ethical
code of behaviour which is upheld by all groups. This includes
respecting the rights of every living soul, whether human, animal, plant
or rock; being aware of cause and effect in every action, word or thought;
the protection, care and education of the young; the encouragement of
the creative imagination and practical human resourcefulness; the practical
necessity for spiritual self-determination.
Despite
unfavourable media attention and misreporting, Pagans, like all other
individuals, are protected under the International Bill of Human Rights,
which upholds the right to choose or change one's mode of worship.
People can choose to become Pagan or are born into Pagan families
- there is no coercion. Paganism has had to contend with
severe opposition and contrary propaganda. The same mentality
that sent Jews, both pious and secular, Gypsies, and the disabled and
mentally ill to the gas chambers in the Second World War, still surfaces
in some people when they consider Pagans.
More people are generally conscious of the need for personal responsibility
to the environment. The Pagan Path is very close to the soul
of Humanity, it is a natural belief which sees human beings as they are,
and the world as it is, and doesn't seek to push either into preconceived
molds. It sees the richness and mystery of nature and opens
a way to the understanding of it.
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